
flour
Refined wheat flour is primarily carbohydrates (starch) with moderate protein content; whole wheat flour retains bran and germ, providing additional fiber, B vitamins, and minerals. Enriched flours have synthetic vitamins and minerals added to restore nutrients lost during refining.
About
Flour is a fine powder produced by grinding cereal grains, legumes, or other starchy plants into a meal and then refining it to remove coarser particles. Wheat flour, the most common variety in Western cuisines, derives from the endosperm of wheat berries (Triticum aestivum or related species) and contains the starch, proteins (particularly gluten), and nutrients that make it suitable for baking and cooking. The character of flour varies significantly based on the wheat variety used, milling process, and degree of refinement; whole wheat flour retains the bran and germ, while all-purpose and bread flours are refined endosperm products with varying protein content (typically 10-14% protein). Regional traditions employ flour from diverse sources: rice flour in East and Southeast Asian cuisines, corn flour in the Americas, rye flour in Northern Europe, and chickpea flour in South Asian cuisines.
Culinary Uses
Flour functions as a foundational ingredient across global cuisines, serving as the primary structural component in breads, pastries, pasta, and batters. In baking, the protein networks formed during hydration and kneading (particularly gluten in wheat flour) develop elasticity and strength essential to leavened breads, tender cakes, and crisp pastries. Flour thickens sauces, stews, and gravies through the starch gelatinization that occurs during cooking, and it serves as a coating for fried foods, providing crispness and sealing moisture. Different flour types are matched to specific applications: bread flour (high protein) for chewy loaves, cake flour (low protein) for tender crumbs, and all-purpose flour for versatile everyday cooking.
Used In
Recipes Using flour (2,355)
Spanish Bar Cake
Spanish Bar Cake
Spanish Cake
A rich loaf cake heavily spiced and studded with plump Raisins.
Spanish-style Chicken Paprika
Makes 2 servings
Spanish Walnut Cake
This is a simply delectable cake with a fine crumb and a rich, spicy flavor. The addition of walnuts make this cake a little more toothy and wholesome.
Special Occasion Orange Pecan Biscotti
Purchased from the O'Reilly Estate in Fort Worth, Texas in 1988. Marked as Bessie’s favorite biscotti “sells well at bake sales”. Notation indicates this came from a 1960’s Ladies Home Journal. Exact date unknown.
Spehovka
Bacon bread
Spice Braised Chicken with Dates and Almonds
Spice Braised Chicken with Dates and Almonds from the Recidemia collection
SPICE CAKE
SPICE CAKE
Spice cookies
Dessert Recipes by the South Carolina Department of Agriculture, public domain government resource—original source of recipe
Spice Cookies
Dessert Recipes by the South Carolina Department of Agriculture, public domain government resource—original source of recipe
Spice Cookies I
Spice Cookies I from the Recidemia collection
Spice Cookies II
Spice Cookies II from the Recidemia collection
Spiced Chicken with Spinach
Contributed by Judi M. Phelps * Yield: 4 servings
Spiced flour
American cuisine Vegetarian Cuisine Holiday Recipes
Spiced Pumpkin Bars
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Spiced Pumpkin Soup
Spiced Pumpkin Soup from the Recidemia collection
Spiced Pumpkin Soup
Soups
Spiced Raspberry Rhubarb Cobbler
Spiced Raspberry Rhubarb Cobbler from the Recidemia collection
Spiced Rhubarb Bake
Spiced Rhubarb Bake from the Recidemia collection
Spice Fruitcake
Dessert Recipes by the South Carolina Department of Agriculture, public domain government resource—original source of recipe May be frozen.
Spicy Basque Chicken
Spicy Basque Chicken from the Public Health Cookbook by the Seattle & King County Department of Public Health—original source of recipe, public domain government resource Cook Time: About 40 minutes Serves: 4
Spicy Carrot Bread
Spicy Carrot Bread
Spicy Chicken Cutlets
American cuisine | Meats
Spicy Chicken Stew
Tired of the same old stews? This will have your taste buds jumping right off your tongue!
Spicy Corn Bread
Bread
Spicy Fried Okra
This recipe is not for those of you that will call the fire department if you taste a chilli.
Spicy, Homestyle Cream of Cauliflower Soup
Spicy, Homestyle Cream of Cauliflower Soup from the Recidemia collection
Spicy Indian Soup
Spicy Indian Soup
Spicy Pumpkin Bread
Pumpkin Bread
Spicy Star Cookies
Spicy Star Cookies from the Recidemia collection
Spinach Casserole
right|Spinach Casserole
Sponge Cake with Olive Oil
Makes 8 to 10 servings. At Jordan, slices of this light, golden sponge cake are accompanied by a scoop of vanilla ice cream and served with a glass of late harvest dessert wine or port.
Spring Cupcakes
Makes: 16 cupcakes
Sprits
Sprits is one of those typically Dutch cookies that usually get served with a cup of coffee.
Spritskransar
Served at christmas time. This recipe has been handed down through my family and is made every Christmas. I can remember my Grandmother making these when I was a boy, as I waited for the beaters and so did my cat sebastian.
Spritzgeback
Spritzgeback is a type of German cookie.
Squash Rolls
Squash Rolls from the Recidemia collection
Squash Soup
Squash Soup from the Recidemia collection
Star of the East Fruit Bread
Star of the East Fruit Bread from the Recidemia collection
Steak and Ale Pie
Steak and Ale Pie
Steak and Guinness Pie
This Irish meat dish is best served and eaten with potatoes and vegetables.
Steak Skillet Dinner with Green Beans
Purchased from the McDonald Estate in Wylie, Texas in 1990. Dated 1926.
Steamed Pudding with Golden Syrup
Steamed Pudding with Golden Syrup from the Recidemia collection
Steep Estate Banana Nut Bread
This recipe came from an estate sale. I obtained it when I purchased the family collection from the Steep Estate in Elmo, Texas in 1989.
Stewed Fish
Stewed Fish from the Recidemia collection
Stewed Oysters
There are several ways to . Two recipes are given below.
Stewed Paua
4 servings Stewed Paua
Stewed Rabbit with Prunes
This recipe for stewed Rabbit with prunes requires a good preparation and timing, average cooking skills are required but the end result is like gold ! Enjoy !
Stir-fried Flavored Tempeh with Pickled Melons
Stir-fried Flavored Tempeh with Pickled Melons from the Recidemia collection
St. Louis Gooey Butter Cake
As a native St. Louisan who's been transplanted to the Seattle area, I can tell you that there's no finer breakfast, dessert, or any-time-of-day snack! This stuff is to die for! Available in almost every bakery and supermarket in the St.