crushed

Crushed refers to a culinary preparation technique and resulting form in which solid ingredients are broken down into small, irregular fragments through mechanical pressure or grinding. The term encompasses a broad range of textures, from coarsely broken pieces to finely fragmented particles, and applies to diverse ingredients including spices, nuts, seeds, dried fruits, and various vegetables. The degree of crushing affects both the surface area exposed for flavor extraction and the textural contribution to dishes.

Crushing is employed across cuisines to enhance flavor release, alter texture, and facilitate ingredient incorporation. Crushed spices (such as black pepper, coriander, or cumin) are used in marinades, dry rubs, and finishing touches to provide aromatic intensity and textural complexity. Crushed nuts appear in baked goods, coatings, and sauces, while crushed seeds contribute to grain bowls and bread. The technique is also applied to dried fruits, garlic, ginger, and fresh herbs to unlock volatile compounds and create more pronounced flavor profiles in both raw and cooked preparations.