of crushed red pepper

Crushed red pepper, also known as red pepper flakes or chili flakes, consists of dried and coarsely ground or crushed red chili peppers (Capsicum annuum). The ingredient is produced by drying mature red chili peppers and breaking them into small, irregular flakes that retain seeds and skin fragments. The heat level typically ranges from 30,000 to 50,000 Scoville Heat Units (SHU), though this varies depending on the chili variety used. The flavor profile combines sharp fruity notes with immediate and lingering heat, creating a pungent, slightly smoky character that intensifies with toasting.

Crushed red pepper is a fundamental seasoning across Mediterranean, Asian, and Latin American cuisines. It is commonly sprinkled on Italian dishes such as pasta, pizza, and soups; used in Asian stir-fries, curries, and marinades; and incorporated into Latin American salsas and rice dishes. The ingredient functions both as a finishing condiment—applied directly to plated dishes for controlled heat—and as a foundational seasoning in spice blends, marinades, and infused oils. It pairs well with garlic, olive oil, and vinegar, and its heat complements fatty proteins and rich sauces.